A comprehensive overview of studies related to the ecology and genetics of <scp> <i>Fagus crenata</i> </scp> Blume (Siebold's beech, Japanese beech) at the species' northernmost range limit

Temperate forest species, including Fagus crenata Blume, have been experiencing distributional shifts during the climate oscillation throughout Holocene epoch. This review describes distinctive context of F. populations at northern range from perspective past distribution shifts, future expansion predictions, biotic and abiotic interactions in population establishment, vegetation characteristics, genetic diversity process. The current limit is southern Hokkaido Okushiri Islands. Since 1900, a dozen hypotheses has advocated presence restriction factors; however, species shows signs expanding its habitat northward present. not determined by physiological limitations because fact that artificial plantations grow well beyond range. Several studies regarding scenarios predicted persistence future. Sociological revealed decline units observed to on Oshima Peninsula, Hokkaido. Also, Island includes remnants warm temperate flora indicating physiographic constraint island, reflecting shift. Most marginal were be established time large disturbance. local lost shift due founder effect colonizing Then, gene flow rearward dwindled completion establishment.